Search for: All records

A<sc>bstract</sc> We explore the possibility that our universe’s current accelerated expansion is explained by a quintessence model with an exponential scalar potential,V=V₀e^{−λ ϕ}, keeping an eye towardsλ≥$$ \sqrt{2} $$ $\sqrt{2}$and an open universe, favorable to a string theory realisation and with no cosmological horizon. We work out the full cosmology of the model, including matter, radiation, and optionally negative spatial curvature, for allλ> 0, performing an extensive analysis of the dynamical system and its phase space. The minimal physical requirements of a past epoch of radiation domination and an accelerated expansion today lead to an upper boundλ≲$$ \sqrt{3} $$ $\sqrt{3}$, which is driven slightly up in the presence of observationally allowed spatial curvature. Cosmological solutions start universally in a kination epoch, go through radiation and matter dominated phases and enter an epoch of acceleration, which is only transient forλ>$$ \sqrt{2} $$ $\sqrt{2}$. Field distances traversed between BBN and today are sub-Planckian. We discuss possible string theory origins and phenomenological challenges, such as time variation of fundamental constants. We provide theoretical predictions for the model parameters to be fitted to data, most notably the varying dark energy equation of state parameter, in light of recent results from DES-Y5 and DESI. 

A bstract In this article we show that finite perturbative corrections in non-supersymmetric strings can be understood via an interplay between modular invariance and misaligned supersymmetry. While modular invariance is known to be crucial in closed-string models, its presence and role for open strings is more subtle. Nevertheless, we argue that it leads to cancellations in physical quantities such as the one-loop cosmological constant and prevents them from diverging. In particular, we show that if the sector-averaged number of states does not grow exponentially, as predicted by misaligned supersymmetry, all exponential divergences in the one-loop cosmological constant cancel out as well. To account for the absence of power-law divergences, instead, we need to resort to the modular structure of the partition function. We finally comment on the presence of misaligned supersymmetry in the known 10-dimensional tachyon-free non-supersymmetric string theories. 

A bstract The study of non-supersymmetric string theories is shedding light on an important corner of the string landscape and might ultimately explain why, so far, we did not observe supersymmetry in our universe. We review how misaligned supersymmetry in closed-string theories leads to a cancellation between bosons and fermions even in non-supersymmetric string theories. We then show that the same cancellation takes place for open strings by studying an anti-D p -brane placed on top of an O p -plane in type II string theory. Misaligned supersymmetry consists in cancellations between bosons and fermions at different energy levels, in such a way that the averaged number of states grows at a rate dominated by a factor $$ {\mathrm{e}}^{C_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{ff}}\sqrt{n}} $$ e C eff n , with C eff < C tot , where C tot is the inverse Hagedorn temperature. We prove the previously conjectured complete cancellation, i.e. we prove that C eff = 0, for a vast class of models.